Journal Articles

Conspiracy Stories (with Regina Rini)
Canadian Journal of Philosophy (forthcoming)
What we normally call conspiracy "theorizing" is better understood as a kind of collective storytelling.

What Good Are Knowledge Norms? (with Jared Riggs)
Erkenntnis (forthcoming)
Enforcing knowledge as a social norm for belief would be more practically useful than prominent alternatives we could enforce instead.

Internet Trolling: Social Exploration and the Epistemic Norms of Assertion
Philosophers' Imprint (2025)
Internet trolling is a form of social exploration that involves eschewing the usual epistemic norms of conversation.

Conspiracy Theories and the Epistemic Power of Narrative
Philosophical Psychology (2024)
Conspiracy theories are often packaged inside narratives that offer comforting distractions from ugly truths; this helps to explain their believability.

Conspiracy Theories, Epistemic Self-Identity, and Epistemic Territory
Synthese (2024)
There's a distinctive category of conspiracy theorist who claims their beliefs trace back to trusting their own, firsthand experiences.

Remembering Religious Experience: Reconstruction, Reflection, and Reliability
Philosophy and the Mind Sciences (2024)
Episodic memory has a central, often overlooked role in the relationship between religious experience and religious belief.

Capturing the Conspiracist's Imagination
Philosophical Studies (2023)
Conspiracy theorists often cite evidence that seems incredibly weak and far-fetched; imagination plays a central role in processing such evidence.

Cults, Conspiracies, and Fantasies of Knowledge
Episteme (2023)
Extreme cults and conspiracy theory groups take pleasure in possessing secret knowledge; such fantasies can give rise to illusions of genuine knowledge.

Mental Imagery and the Epistemology of Testimony
Canadian Journal of Philosophy (2022)
Mental imagery often plays psychological roles in testimonial belief transmission, and this has implications for the epistemology of testimony.

Perceiving as Knowing in the Predictive Mind
Philosophical Studies (2022)
The "predictive processing" approach to studying the mind supports a "knowledge first" understanding of the nature of perception.

Imagining the Actual
Philosophers' Imprint (2021)
We often use sensory imagination to represent parts of the actual world, and this is a distinctive form of imagination.

Remembering the Past and Imagining the Actual
Review of Philosophy and Psychology (2021)
While episodic remembering isn't psychologically "continuous" with imagining the future and the counterfactual, it is continuous with "actuality-oriented imagination."

Are We Free to Imagine What We Choose? (with Margot Strohminger)
Synthese (2021)
"Intentionalism," a widely held view that says one's intentions to imagine always determine what one imagines, is false.

Visual and Bodily Sensational Perception: An Epistemic Asymmetry
Synthese (2021)
There's a pervasive epistemic asymmetry between vision and the perception of bodily sensations.

Conspiracy Theories: How Much do People Believe Them?
Oxford Handbook of the Cognitive Science of Belief (forthcoming)
What does recent work in philosophy and psychology tell us about whether conspiracy theorists genuinely believe their theories?